| Author's voice, register & style | A book lives by a recognisable voice and a steady register. Translated literally, the tone is flattened: irony becomes assertion, terseness becomes chatter. Literary is not the same as literal. | The literary translator reads voice and register first and carries over the effect, not the word order — a sample chapter locks the tone before the full commission. |
| Wordplay, idioms & cultural realia | Idioms, puns and culture-bound realia (offices, dishes, festivals) often have no counterpart in the target language. Literally rendered, they turn into nonsense or a blind spot. | We decide deliberately, line by line: re-create, gloss in context, or replace with a working equivalent — documented, so you decide with us. |
| Rhyme, metre & sound | In verse, songs and picture-book text, metre, rhyme and sound carry the meaning. A purely content-faithful prose rendering destroys the form. | Form-led translation by translators with a feel for verse; form and sense are weighed against each other and the necessary compromises are made explicit. |
| The title | Book titles sell. A literally translated title is often clumsy, already taken, or misses the genre signal in the target market. | Title options pitched to the market, not to the words — checked for clarity, genre expectation and availability; the final pick stays with publisher or author. |
| Proper & meaningful names | Speaking names carry meaning — character, wit, origin. Left untranslated, it is lost; translated at random, consistency breaks across volumes. | A naming strategy is set at the start of the book and held rigorously, via a glossary, across the whole work — and any sequels. |
| Dialect & sociolect | Regional, youth or milieu speech marks characters. A neutral translation strips them of origin and social colour. | We find a workable equivalent in the target language — a register, not a caricature — and hold it consistent per character. |
| Narrative perspective & tense | Point of view (first/third person, free indirect speech) and the pattern of tenses steer how close the reader stands. Unnoticed shifts confuse, and betray a translation error. | Perspective and tense logic are fixed before we begin and checked across the whole book in the final pass. |
| Publisher specs & translation copyright | Series style guides, citation and punctuation conventions, and the rights in the translation must be settled early — otherwise rework and disputes loom. | We work to your series style guide and settle credit, usage rights and the translator's fee in the contract before typesetting. |