| False friends with German | Hundreds of words look identical but differ in meaning (bellen, meer, slim, huren, aardig). Translate by resemblance and you get fluent, confidently wrong text. | Every German↔Dutch look-alike is checked against meaning in context, not spelling — the classic false-friend set is handled explicitly. |
| Netherlands vs Belgian (Flemish) standard | Officialese, institution names and school/qualification terms differ between the Netherlands and Belgium. The wrong variety misnames the very authority the document is for. | We confirm the target country first and translate into the correct national standard, with the matching institutional terminology. |
| The IJ digraph & name spelling | IJ is one letter-unit, capitalised together; casual handling breaks names and place-names (IJsselstein, surnames in -ij). | Names are transferred exactly as in the passport, the IJ digraph preserved, so the registry office accepts the spelling without a query. |
| Diminutives & the tussen-n | Dutch diminutives (-je/-tje) and the linking -n in compounds carry meaning and register; guessed, they read as non-native. | Compounds, linking letters and diminutives are formed by the standard rules, not improvised. |
| Register: u vs je, officialese | Dutch administrative language has its own formulae; importing German officialese one-to-one sounds foreign and can shift nuance in contracts. | Administrative and legal register is written in native Dutch convention, not calqued from German. |
| Legal terms are not 1:1 | Institutions differ (notaris, kanton, Dutch court structure vs German). A literal swap misrepresents the legal institution. | Legal terminology stays demonstrable and is checked by a specialist; German institutions are not silently replaced by Dutch ones or vice versa. |