| Dotted / dotless İ · ı | Turkish has four i-letters: İ/i (with dot) and I/ı (without). Case-mapping by German rules turns İstanbul into “Istanbul” and Işık into “isik” – a different name from the passport. | We apply Turkish-localised capitalisation and keep the four i-forms character-exact, checked against the original. |
| Diacritics ş ğ ç ö ü in names | German systems often drop Turkish special characters: Erdoğan→“Erdogan”, Şafak→“Safak”. On civil-status certificates that is not a cosmetic flaw but a name discrepancy. | Names and places are reproduced in the passport spelling – with every diacritic – and matched character by character. |
| Agglutination & vowel harmony | A Turkish word carries several harmonising suffixes (ev-iniz-den, “from your house”) and equals a German subordinate clause. Word-for-word or machine, the meaning falls apart. | Native specialists analyse the morphology, not the characters, and carry the full meaning into idiomatic German or English. |
| No grammatical gender, no articles | o means “he”, “she” and “it” at once; Turkish has no definite article. Rendered into German or English, the gender must be supplied – guessed wrong, the statement is off. | Gender is derived from the document context (salutation, further fields, civil register), not assumed. |
| SOV word order (verb at the end) | Turkish is a subject-object-verb language; the sense of long official sentences only resolves at the final verb. Copying the order linearly yields unintelligible German. | Sentences are rebuilt rather than reordered word by word – the target reads clearly and keeps the legal sense. |
| Turkish authority & register terms | Nüfus Cüzdanı, Vukuatlı Nüfus Kayıt Örneği or the eleven-digit T.C. Kimlik No have no 1:1 German equivalent. Translated literally, the registry office misreads them. | Register terms are rendered consistently with an explanatory equivalent (e.g. “civil-register extract”) and named in the original. |
| Turkish name law | Surnames exist only since the Soyadı Kanunu of 1934; forms like -oğlu (“son of”) and changed married names easily lead to confusion of given and family name. | Name parts are assigned correctly, set in passport spelling and – where needed – explained, without renaming the person. |
| Address & register (siz / sen, Bey / Hanım) | The polite siz and the post-name forms … Bey / … Hanım follow different rules from the German “Herr/Frau” + surname. The wrong register reads over-familiar or stiff. | Tone and address are chosen per document type – formal in contracts and official letters, correctly set in correspondence. |
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