| Eastern vs. Western Armenian confused | A sound shift makes the same name romanise differently by variety: Պետրոս is Eastern "Petros" but Western "Bedros". Apply the wrong variety and the person is officially someone else. | We clarify the variety (Republic of Armenia = Eastern; historic diaspora = mostly Western) and spell the name exactly as in the passport. |
| Name suffix -յան inconsistent (-jan/-yan/-ian) | The patronymic suffix -յան surfaces as -yan, -ian or -jan; if the form diverges from passport or prior deed, the identity no longer matches on paper. | We take the spelling exactly from the ID document (ICAO Doc 9303) and keep it consistent across every document. |
| The ligature և (yev) broken | The character և ("and", yev) has no simple capital form and falls apart when copied or wrongly upper-cased; words containing it break in the line. | We set և correctly, resolve upper/lower case (Armenian has both) cleanly and check ligature and font fallback in the finished PDF. |
| Reformed vs. classical (Mesropian) orthography | The Republic of Armenia has used the reformed (Soviet) spelling since the 1920s; the diaspora and Iran keep the classical Mesropian. Letters and silent characters differ — a "corrected" deed looks falsified. | We recognise the orthography of the source and render faithfully, without mixing the two systems. |
| The three-way stops flattened (բ/պ/փ) | Armenian distinguishes voiced, voiceless and aspirated (բ/պ/փ, դ/տ/թ, գ/կ/ք); a transliteration that only knows "p/t/k" merges sounds and alters names and terms. | Native speakers render the three-way contrast in the scholarly transliteration (ISO 9985 / Hübschmann-Meillet) and document the reading. |
| Special letters lost (ղ, խ, ձ, ծ, ջ) | Characters like ղ (gh), խ (kh), ձ (dz), ծ (ts), ջ (j) have no 1:1 Latin equivalent; simplified, they yield different words and names. | We apply the transliteration rules consistently and lock critical names and terms in the terminology. |
| Armenian letter-numerals read as Arabic | Historic and church documents use Armenian numerals (Ա=1, Ժ=10 …) and sometimes the Armenian calendar; "read" as Arabic digits they produce a wrong date. | We recognise letter-numerals and calendar entries, convert them correctly and, in doubt, carry both with a translator's note. |