| Focus/trigger verb system ignored | Filipino has no German-style active/passive but a focus system: Bumili (actor focus) vs Binili (object focus) shifts who acts and what is central. Translate rigidly and you swap subject and object. | Native specialists choose the affix (mag-, -um-, -in, i-, -an) and the ang-marked focus by the sense of the source — the direction of the action stays correct. |
| Reduplication for aspect/number | Aspect and plural arise from syllable doubling (sulat → sumusulat “is writing”). Without the reduplication the tense or the number tips over. | Verb aspect and number are formed deliberately — completed, ongoing or upcoming — instead of copying a German tense one to one. |
| Spanish “false friends” | siguro does not mean “sure” (Sp. seguro) but “maybe”; syempre not “always” but “of course”. A single word can invert a power of attorney or declaration. | Spanish-derived words are translated by their present-day meaning in Filipino, not their Spanish origin; critical terms are held in the terminology. |
| PSA certificate is English — wrongly commissioned | Many PSA documents (birth, marriage, CENOMAR, NBI clearance) are already issued in English. Order “from Tagalog” across the board and you pay for the wrong direction, while genuine Filipino passages go untranslated. | We check the actual source language of each document in advance and commission English–German or Filipino–German specifically — mixed documents part by part. |
| Name: “middle name” as a second first name | Philippine names follow the Spanish order — given name(s), the mother’s maiden name as “middle name”, the father’s surname. File the middle name as a first name and the person no longer matches across passport, certificate and application. | Name parts are taken 1:1 from the passport and assigned correctly as given name / middle name / surname — including the letter ñ and Spanish spellings. |
| Spanish surnames “translated” or altered | Since the 1849 decree (Catálogo de apellidos) Filipinos widely carry Spanish surnames — de la Cruz, Bautista, Santos. They are proper names, not words to translate; “Germanised” or normalised forms create a different name. | Proper names stay untouched in their original spelling; prefixes (de la, del) and capitalisation are kept exactly and checked against the ID. |
| Suffixes “Jr./Sr.” & dates passed over | Name suffixes such as Jr., Sr., III are part of the legal name and appear on PSA certificates; Philippine dates often follow the US month/day/year format. Passed over or reordered, identity and date errors result. | Suffixes are carried as part of the name; dates are written out unambiguously and checked digit by digit against the original. |